ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™

ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื

ื—ืžื“ืชื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืœื ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืกื’'ืจื”, ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืชื—ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื›ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘-1923, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ื’ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—, ืชืฉืข ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื”, ืขื ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข. ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื.

ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—?

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื›ืจ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ืคืชื•ื— ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืคืชื•ื—, ืคื™ื ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ื ื:

  • ื—ืฆืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืช ื›ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืขื ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™, ืขืจืกืœื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืงืจืจืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ
  • ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ื•ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืœืกืœื˜
  • ื—ืฆืจ ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื—ื•ืฅ, ื˜ืื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื–, ื’ืจื™ืœ ื•ืžืขื’ืœ ืืฉ, ื•ืื•ื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืงืžื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ื
  • ื›ืจื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช, ืขื ืคื™ื ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืคื™ื ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื”
  • ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื—ืฆืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ืชืื ืœื–ื•ื’: ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืงืจืจ, ื›ื™ืจื™ื™ื, ืชื ื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืงืคื”, ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืžืจืคืกืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืขืจืกืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืคื” ืืœ ื’ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืจืง. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืฉืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื’ื ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืฉ, ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.

ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”?

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื ืœื–ื•ื’ ืœืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 1,220 ืœ-1,620 ืฉ"ื— ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 10%. ืื•ืจื— ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื” 200 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ. ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ื›ื•ืœื•. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืจืง ื—ืœืงื™ืช.

ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื

ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช
ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจ
ืคื™ื ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ
ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง
ื’ืณืงื•ื–ื™

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืžืชืื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืชืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืชืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ืืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื 2 ืœื™ืœื•ืชืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 10%ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืืื•ืจื— ื ื•ืกืฃ 200 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื

ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ?

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 10% ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”?

ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืื•ืจื— ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื” 200 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ.

ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”?

ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืงืจืจืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช.

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื”
ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื
ืื•ืจื—ื™ื
ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืคื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื”ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช.

ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื›ื?

ืขื“ื›ื ื• ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.

ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ื

ืฆื™ืžืจ
ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืชืžื•ืœ

ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื‘ืจืง, ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ

ืขื“ 62 ื—ื“ืจื™ืื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช
ืฆื™ืžืจ
ืฆื™ืžืจ